On-line diagnostics of transformer winding insulation failures, by Park`s vector approach

This paper presents a non-invasive approach for diagnosing winding insulation failures in three-phase transformers, which is based on the on-line monitoring of the primary and secondary current Park's Vector. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, for detecting winding inter-turn insulation faults in operating three-phase transformers.

Transformers on-load exciting current Park`s vector approach as a tool for winding faults diagnostics

This paper presents the development of a new approach for diagnosing the occurrence of inter-turn short-circuits in the windings of three-phase transformers, which is based on the on-line monitoring of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector patterns. Experimental and simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for detecting winding inter-turn insulation faults in operating three-phase transformers.

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers

This paper addresses the subject of condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers. The main results of two reliability surveys, carried out under the auspices of CIGRE and IEEE in order to assemble objective data on the performance of transformers in service, are presented, providing useful information on the main causes of transformer failures, the most likely affected components and the related outages times. A survey of the most important methods, actually in use, for condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers is also given, which stresses the need for the development of new diagnostic methods, that can be applied without taking the transformers out of service, and that can also provide a fault severity criteria, in particular for determining transformers windings integrity. Preliminary results, concerning the on-going research activity on the development of a new approach for inter-turn winding fault diagnosis in three-phase transformers, are also reported in the paper.

Condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers

This paper addresses the subject of condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers. The main results of two reliability surveys, carried out under the auspices of CIGRE and IEEE in order to assemble objective data on the performance of transformers in service, are presented, providing useful information on the main causes of transformer failures, the most likely affected components and the related outages times. A survey of the most important methods, actually in use, for condition monitoring and diagnostics of power transformers is also given, which stresses the need for the development of new diagnostic methods, that can be applied without taking the transformers out of service, and that can also provide a fault severity criteria, in particular for determining transformers windings integrity. Preliminary results, concerning the on-going research activity on the development of a new approach for inter-turn winding fault diagnosis in three-phase transformers, are also reported in the paper.

Incipient turn-to-turn winding fault diagnosis of power transformers by the on-load exciting current Extended Park`s Vector Approach

This paper presents the application of the on-load exciting current Extended Park's Vector Approach for diagnosing incipient turn-to-turn winding faults in operating power transformers. Experimental and simulated test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, which is based on the spectral analysis of the AC component of the on-load exciting current Park's Vector modulus.

Estudo de alterações na função salivar de um modelo de ratos pré-diabéticos

A Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica com uma distribuição mundial cada vez mais acentuada, acarretando consigo, elevada morbilidade e mortalidade. Deste modo, é de suma importância a compreensão e estudo em fases precoces desta doença. Nos últimos anos a saliva tem sido usada como fonte de biomarcadores para detecção e monitorização de doenças. Para além disso, há referencia a alterações na secreção salivar e percepção dos alimentos em indivíduos diabéticos, tornando-se importante um maior conhecimento da função salivar associada a esta patologia. O objectivo geral deste trabalho é estudar a função salivar num modelo de roedores intolerantes à glicose, avaliando-se a concentração proteica total da saliva, morfologia e morfometria das glândulas salivares maiores e expressão da amilase na saliva e glândulas salivares. Não se observam diferenças entre os grupos, para a concentração em proteína total, nem para a expressão de α-amilase, na saliva. Na análise histológica das glândulas salivares maiores é possível observar dimensões significativamente maiores dos ácinos das glândulas analisadas (parótida, submandibular e sublingual), em relação aos animais normoglicémicos, sugerindo o que pode ser o início de uma patologia comum em diabéticos, a sialose (hipertrofia e hiperplasia das glândulas salivares). Através de imunomarcação para a actina observa-se um aumento da expressão de células mioepiteliais na seguinte ordem: parótida, submandibular e sublingual. Não se observam diferenças entre os grupos. A imunomarcação para a α-amilase é mais intensa nos ácinos da parótida, nos ductos granulares da submandibular e nas meias luas serosas da sublingual, em ambos os grupos. Verifica-se uma sobre-expressão nos ductos intralobulares da parótida e nos ductos granulares da sumandibular, nos animais pré-diabéticos, sugerindo alguma endocitose da enzima por parte das células dos ductos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem alterações na função salivar, numa fase prévia ao desenvolvimento da Diabetes Mellitus, as quais merecem ser exploradas.